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Gradient Formula:
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Gradient calculation measures the steepness or incline of a slope, expressed as a percentage. It represents the ratio of vertical rise to horizontal run, commonly used in road construction, cycling routes, hiking trails, and engineering projects.
The calculator uses the gradient formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula converts the run distance from miles to feet, then calculates the ratio of rise to run, and finally expresses it as a percentage by multiplying by 100.
Details: Accurate gradient calculation is essential for transportation planning, construction safety, athletic training, and environmental management. It helps determine road safety, drainage efficiency, and exercise intensity.
Tips: Enter rise in feet and run in miles. Both values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the gradient percentage automatically.
Q1: What is considered a steep gradient?
A: Generally, 0-3% is flat, 3-7% is moderate, 7-12% is steep, and above 12% is very steep. However, context matters for different applications.
Q2: How does gradient affect cycling and running?
A: Higher gradients significantly increase physical exertion. A 5% gradient can double the effort required compared to flat terrain.
Q3: Why convert miles to feet in the calculation?
A: To maintain consistent units - both rise and run must be in the same unit system for accurate ratio calculation.
Q4: Can I use this for metric measurements?
A: This calculator is designed for imperial units. For metric, use meters for both rise and run, then multiply by 100 for percentage.
Q5: What are typical road gradient limits?
A: Most highways are limited to 6-8% maximum, while mountain roads may reach 10-12%. Steeper gradients require special engineering considerations.