1. What is Rate of Descent (ROD)?

Rate of Descent (ROD) is a critical parameter in aviation that measures how quickly an aircraft is descending. It is typically expressed in feet per minute (fpm) and is essential for safe approach and landing procedures.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Rate of Descent formula:

Where:

• \( ROD \) — Rate of Descent (ft/min)
• \( \text{Altitude change} \) — Change in altitude (feet)
• \( \text{Time} \) — Time duration (minutes)

Explanation: The formula calculates the vertical speed of descent by dividing the altitude change by time and multiplying by 60 to convert to feet per minute.

3. Importance of ROD Calculation

Details: Accurate ROD calculation is crucial for flight safety, approach planning, fuel management, and ensuring stable approaches during landing procedures.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter altitude change in feet and time in minutes. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical ROD for commercial aircraft?
A: Typical descent rates range from 500-1500 ft/min for commercial aircraft, depending on aircraft type and flight phase.

Q2: Why multiply by 60 in the formula?
A: Multiplying by 60 converts the result from feet per minute to the standard aviation unit of feet per minute (since time is entered in minutes).

Q3: What factors affect rate of descent?
A: Aircraft weight, airspeed, configuration (flaps/gear), atmospheric conditions, and pilot technique all affect descent rate.

Q4: What is a safe ROD for approach?
A: For stabilized approaches, most airlines recommend descent rates between 500-700 ft/min in the final approach segment.

Q5: How is ROD displayed in aircraft?
A: Modern aircraft display ROD on the Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) or Primary Flight Display (PFD) in feet per minute.